EMT QUESTIONS/ANSWERS SECTION 2

Use the information below to answer question 1:

At the scene of a multiple injury auto accident, you find persons with the following injuries:

Patient A – 27-year-old male with protruding bowel

Patient B – 25-year-old female with closed fracture of both tibias

Patient C – 7-year-old male with first degree burns to the back

Patient D – 55-year-old male with low back pain

• Which patient would be granted the highest priority for treatment and transportation:

• Patient A
• Patient B
• Patient C
• Patient D

• When leg rolling, commands for movement should be given by the person:

• at the head of the patient
• at the feet of the patient
• at the waist of the patient
• at the shoulders of the patient
• An adult is found unconscious at the scene.  You may administer treatment under what type of consent

• actual
• informed
• valid
• implied

• While treating a patient with a fractured humerus, you are instructed to respond to a cardiac emergency. If you left the scene before treatment was complete, this action:

• would be considered a Good Samaritan Act
• may be considered abandonment
• is acceptable in life threatening emergencies
• is covered by the Professional Standard Act
• Before moving a supine patient who has possible spinal injuries onto a backboard, you should:

• immobilize the cervical spine region
• secure a half backboard to the patient
• hyperextend the neck and tape it in place
• flex the neck and tape it in place

• When transporting a patient from the scene of an emergency, the Ohio Revised Code requires the ambulance must be staffed by a minimum of:

• one EMT
• one EMT and a driver
• two EMTs
• a driver and a person trained in first aid

• When responding to an emergency in an ambulance, the driver:

• must proceed with caution at all times
• has the right-of-way at all intersections
• may ignore traffic regulations
• must be a certified EMT

• An EMT report is confidential and:

• must be retained for a maximum of one year
• cannot be subpoenaed
• is a legal document
• is for billing purposes only

Use the following information to answer questions 9 and 10:

A middle-aged female has been working in her flower garden.  She is now experiencing dyspnea, edema of the face and tongue, and has hive-like blotches.

• The preferred treatment for this patient would be:

• check vitals and call the family physician
• establish airway, administer oxygen, and rapid transport
• administer oxygen and transport in a routine manner
• apply cold compresses to facial edema and transport

• These are characteristics of which type of shock:

• anaphylactic
• septic
• cardiogenic
• neurogenic

• The recommended position for a patient suffering from hypovolemic shock is:

• lying flat on the back, with legs elevated 10-12”
• lying on the left side
• supine with the head elevated
• sitting

• When attempting to palpate for a blood pressure, you will be able to obtain:

• both the systolic and diastolic readings
• only the diastolic reading
• only the systolic reading
• neither the systolic nor the diastolic readings

• Cribbing is used for:

• stabilizing the vehicle
• breaking open the trunk
• opening doors
• cutting metal

• After the electrical current is shut off, the first step in treating a victim of electrical shock is to:

• search for entry and exit burns
• administer a precordial thump
• begin cardiac compressions
• check the victim’s airway

• The pumping chambers of the heart which force blood into either the pulmonary artery or the aorta are called:

• atriums
• venules
• apicals
• ventricles

• Hazardous materials have been grouped into three major categories, one of which is:

• asphyxiates
• carcinogens
• irritants-alkalis
• unstable reactive agents

• When dealing with hazardous materials, what does a white placard indicate:

• poison
• explosive
• flammable
• radioactive

• Which of the following methods will give you both a systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading:

• auscultation
• palpitation
• oscillation
• palpation

• Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in the:

• alveoli
• aorta
• atrium
• pericardium

• A 42-year-old female involved in an auto accident has received blunt trauma to the thoracic region. The EMT should suspect injury to which of the following:

• lungs, appendix, stomach
• heart, spleen, gall bladder
• aorta, pancreas, liver
• lungs, heart, and great blood vessels

• When dealing with hazardous materials, what does an orange placard indicate:

• poison
• explosive
• flammable gas
• flammable solid

• Normal pupils of the eyes are:

• unequal in size and in reaction
• dilated and do not react to light
• equal in size and react rapidly to light
• equal in size and react slowly to light

• A 16-year-old male is experiencing pain and tenderness in the lower right quadrant, along with nausea. You should suspect:

• a kidney disorder
• a ruptured spleen
• appendicitis
• a gallbladder attack

Use the following information to answer questions 24 and 25:

A 7-year-old male child has fallen through the window of a storm door. You find the child has a large abdominal laceration with bowel evisceration (protrusion).

• When transporting, the patient should be placed in a supine position with the:

• legs elevated ten to twelve inches
• legs elevated five to six inches
• legs straight
• knees flexed

• Emergency care for this patient would include:

• covering the bowel with a pressure dressing
• covering the bowel with a moistened dressing
• replacing the bowel and covering it with a dry dressing
• replacing the bowel and covering it with a moistened dressing

• At the scene of an automobile accident, you find a patient exhibiting pain, swelling, and deformity in the mid-thigh region of the right leg.  The emergency care of choice for this fracture is to:

• align the limb to a normal position and immobilize with two padded board splints
• apply a traction splint while maintaining traction during immobilization
• reduce the dislocation and immobilize with cravats
• immobilize with an inflatable splint or an improvised pillow splint, and elevate the lower limbs

• When treating a patient with an impaled object, a primary consideration would be to:

• stabilize the object
• remove the object and apply a dressing
• apply pressure to the object to slow bleeding
• remove the object if the victim is not bleeding excessively

• While examining a patient, a sucking sound is heard coming from the chest wall.  The EMT should:

• insert an EOA
• cover the wound with sterile gauze
• position the victim on the uninjured side
• cover the wound with a nonporous dressing

• The patient has a fractured femur with a bone end protruding through the skin. This is classified as what type of fracture:

• simple/closed
• compound/open
• impacted
• comminuted

• The preferred method for controlling most external bleeding is:

• digital pressure
• direct pressure
• tourniquet
• elevation

• In a trauma situation, air may build up in the chest cavity, which causes a shift of the mediastinum to the opposite side and compresses the uninjured lung.  This condition is called:

• spontaneous pneumothorax
• tension pneumothorax
• pneumoconiosis
• hemothorax

• The most important concern in a laryngeal or tracheal injury is:

• infection
• tracheal stenosis
• airway obstruction
• damage to the vocal cords

• Signs and symptoms of shock include:

• decreased respiration
• cool, clammy skin
• unequal pupils
• tingling of extremities

• Epidural hematoma:

• is a collection of blood below the dura
• is a non-life threatening condition
• is caused by a skull fracture over the temporal area
• symptoms may not appear for several days

• If you suspect a closed skull fracture, an important concern is:

• underlying brain injury
• possible wound infection
• contamination of cerebrospinal fluid
• determining the type of fracture present

• A battery has exploded in the face and eyes of a 56-year-old male. The emergency care would include:

• applying ice packs
• flushing with water
• keeping the eye dry
• applying a fox eye shield

• In assessing a possible fracture, you should:

• leave overlying clothes intact and splint the area
• expose the skin to search for wounds
• immediately elevate the injured area
• check the pulse above the painful site

• The tourniquet is only used as a last resort in the control of bleeding. If applied, it should:

• be loosened at 15 minute intervals
• not be loosened
• not affect arterial flow
• be made of a narrow, restrictive material

• Bandages should be applied snugly to hold a dressing in place and help control bleeding; however, they must not interfere with:

• movement
• splinting
• circulation
• immobilization

• A device which may be used for rapid control or temporary reversal of hypovolemic shock is:

• NASD/SCBA
• ECTA
• PASC/MAST
• MASX

• The area of a third-degree burn is characterized by:

• no pain
• mild tenderness
• moderate pain
• severe pain

• What type of burn produces blisters and is characterized by severe pain:

• first degree
• second degree
• third degree
• critical

• When dealing with facial injuries, the primary concern is:

• shock
• fractures
• dental injury
• airway control

• What type of shock is caused by failure of the nervous system:

• hypovolemic
• metabolic
• cardiogenic
• neurogenic

• The pressure point where bleeding of the upper arm can be controlled is the:

• radial artery
• iliac artery
• facial artery
• brachial artery

• During the secondary examination, the EMT should be checking for signs of:

• shock
• airway
• fractures
• arterial bleeding

Use the information below to answer questions 47 and 48:

You find a 27-year-old unconscious male exhibiting severe uncoordinated muscle contractions. Bystanders indicate he has had repeated seizure activity and has failed to regain consciousness.

• This type of seizure activity is referred to as:

• status epilepticus
• grand mal seizure
• petit mal seizure
• focal motor seizure

• Emergency care for this patient would include:

• protecting the patient form self-inflicted injury
• holding the patient securely on the floor
• application of body restraints
• treating the patient for shock

Use the following information to answer questions 49 and 50:

You find a four-year-old patient sitting erect, leaning forward with the head in a sniffing position.  Respirations are rapid and shallow.  Parents state the patient has had a fever but the respiratory problems and inability to swallow started suddenly.

• What type of illness should be suspected by the EMT:

• asthma
• epiglottitis
• emphysema
• croup

• When caring for this child:

• attempts should be made to visualize the airway
• airway maneuvers should be performed to relieve a partial obstruction
• the child will be most comfortable in the reclining position
• immediate transport is indicated

Use the following information to answer questions 51 and 52:

A 72-year-old male patient is exhibiting signs of slurred speech and mental confusion. His face is flushed with the mouth pulled to one side. Respirations are slow and snoring.

• You should suspect:

• angina pectoris
• myocardial infarction
• congestive heart failure
• cerebrovascular accident

• When treating this patient, you should first:

• elevate the feet 10 to 12 inches
• obtain further medical history
• obtain a complete set of vitals
• secure a patient airway

Use the following information to answer questions 53 and 54:

A construction worker is found in a state of dizziness, weakness, and mental confusion with rapid, snoring respirations.  His skin is dry and flushed with a temperature of 105°F.  Pulse is 160.

• Emergency care for this patient should include:

• rapid lowering of body temperature and immediate transport
• administration of salt solution
• slow gradual cooling of the body
• massaging the extremities to prevent cramping

• You should suspect:

• heat exhaustion
• heat cramps
• heat stroke
• sun poisoning

Use the following information to answer questions 55 and 56:

A 45-year-old female was found lying in her garden exhibiting dizziness, weakness, and nausea. She is diaphoretic with rapid, shallow respirations and rapid, weak pulse.

• Emergency care for this patient would include:

• rapid cooling of entire body
• transportation to a cool place and encourage drinking a saltwater solution
• massaging the extremities to prevent cramps
• covering the body to prevent further dehydration

• You should suspect:

• heat exhaustion
• heat cramps
• heat stroke
• hypothermia

Use the following information to answer questions 57 and 58:

An 82-year-old male has a history of cardiac problems. He is suffering from severe fatigue, shortness of breath, and has edema of the hands and feet.

• When transporting, which position would be best for the patient:

• head slightly elevated
• prone
• trendelenburg
• sitting or semi-reclining

• He may be suffering from:

• cerebrovascular accident
• hyperventilation
• myocardial infarction
• congestive heart failure

Use the following information to answer questions 59 and 60:

A five-year-old boy has burns about the mouth and is complaining of severe pain in the stomach, mouth, and throat. Also, he is having difficulty in talking.

• Emergency care of this patient may include:

• neutralizing the poison
• inducing vomiting and transporting immediately
• diluting the poison and transporting immediately
• transporting only

• What classification of poisoning may be involved:

• neurotoxic/depressant
• neurotoxic/convulsant
• corrosive
• irritant

Use the following information to answer questions 61 and 62:

A person is found in an automobile with the engine running.  The person appears confused and is complaining of dizziness, headache, and nausea.

• You should suspect the patient is suffering from:

• sulphur dioxide poisoning
• sodium hydroxide poisoning
• carbon monoxide poisoning
• carbon dioxide poisoning

• Emergency care for this patient would include:

• flushing the skin with water
• administration of 100% oxygen and transportation
• administration of syrup of ipecac
• neutralizing with charcoal and transportation

• The correct size of a nasopharyngeal airway can be determined by measuring from the:

• nose to the ear lobe
• nose to the angle of the jaw
• corner of the mouth to the ear lobe
• corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw

• The correct size of oropharyngeal airway can be determined by measuring from the:

• nose to the ear lobe
• noise to the angle of the jaw
• corner of the mouth to the ear lobe
• corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw

• An oropharyngeal airway should be used on a victim who is:

• lethargic
• stuporous
• combative
• unconscious

• A myocardial infarction may be caused by a sudden blockage of which artery:

• brachial
• coronary
• cranial
• jugular

• An abnormal lowering of the body temperature is referred to as:

• hyperthermia
• hypothermia
• hemothermia
• endothermia

• The ratio of compressions to breaths when one EMT is performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on an adult is:

• 15 compressions to every 1 breath
• 15 compressions to every 2 breaths
• 5 compressions to every 1 breath
• 5 compressions to every 2 breaths

• The oropharyngeal airway:

• is always inserted with a tongue blade
• is safe for use in the conscious patient
• protects the airway if the patient vomits
• can obstruct the airway if improperly placed

• To induce vomiting in a child, you should:

• perform abdominal thrusts
• administer one tablespoon of Ipecac followed by glasses of water
• place the victim in a supine position
• administer powdered charcoal followed by several glasses of water

• Of the following methods, which delivers the highest concentration of oxygen:

• nasal cannula
• simple face mask
• non-rebreather mask
• nasopharyngeal airway

• A demand valve resuscitator system should never be used on:

• an infant
• a pregnant female
• a conscious adult
• an unconscious adult

• When performing artificial ventilation on an infant, how many times per minute should the lungs be inflated:

• 10
• 20
• 30
• 40

• The term myocardial infarction refers to:

• an inability of the heart muscle to maintain normal circulation
• inflammation of the heart muscle
• the damaging or death of an area of the heart muscle resulting from a reduction in the blood supply reaching that area
• an abnormal heart sound, similar to fluid passing an obstruction heard between the normal heart sounds

• A condition in which the heart muscle receives an insufficient blood supply commonly caused by arteriosclerosis is:

• apnea
• angina pectoris
• an aneurysm
• anoxia

• Sudden paralysis with total or partial loss of consciousness due to part of the brain being deprived of blood supply is referred to as a:

• cerebrovascular accident
• heart attach
• diabetic coma
• spinal injury

• Hypoglycemic reactions are caused by:

• high blood sugar
• low blood sugar
• inactivity
• hunger pains

• When performing chest compressions on an infant, you should use:

• two hands
• two fingers
• the heel of one hand
• the heel of both hands

• When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on an adult, your hands should be placed on the:

• clavicle
• xiphoid process
• lower half of the sternum
• top portion of the sternum

• In most instances, CPR should not be interrupted for more than:

• 5 seconds
• 10 seconds
• 30 seconds
• 60 seconds

• To determine whether an infant victim has a pulse, which artery should you palpate:

• brachial
• carotid
• femoral
• radial

• The number of initial full breaths given to a non-breathing victim is:

• two
• three
• four
• five

• One step in the treatment of a diabetic who is in insulin shock is to administer:

• insulin
• sugar
• nitroglycerin
• oxygen

• Numbness of hands, prickling skin, trembling, racing heartbeat, light-headedness, leg cramps, and fainting are signs of:

• hyperventilation
• emphysema
• asthma
• epilepsy

• The most common cause of seizures in a child is:

• high fever
• head injury
• epiglottitis
• hyperglycemia

• A male diabetic has failed to take his insulin for two days and has been vomiting. He is breathing rapidly and deeply and has a weak, rapid pulse. The patient may be experiencing:

• pneumonia
• hypoglycemia
• hyperglycemia
• gastroenteritis

• During a normal delivery, as soon as the baby’s face is visible, you should:

• aspirate the infant’s mouth and nose
• note and record the time of birth
• suction fluid from the ears
• cleanse the infant’s eyes to remove mucous

• During an emergency delivery, the infant is born with the amniotic sac still intact. You should:

• allow the sac to rupture by itself, spontaneously
• break the sac immediately and clear the baby’s nose and mouth
• immediately transport to the closest medical facility
• do not attempt resuscitation as the baby is obviously dead

• A female in her 19^th week of pregnancy is experiencing weakness, abdominal cramping, and severe vaginal bleeding. She may be experiencing:

• a miscarriage
• crowning
• breech birth
• the first stage of labor

• The organ for exchange between the mother’s blood and the blood of the unborn baby is the:

• ovary
• uterus
• placenta
• perineum

• The lifeline between the placenta and fetus is the:

• seminal duct
• amniotic tube
• fallopian tube
• umbilical tube

• If spontaneous respirations have not begun following complete delivery of a newborn, you should:

• immediately initiate CPR
• gently rub the infant’s back or snap the soles of the feet
• administer high flow oxygen and transport immediately
• hold the baby up by its feet and slap its buttocks

• As an infant’s head is delivered, it is noted that the umbilical cord is wrapped around the neck.  What should you do:

• continue assisting with the delivery
• attempt to slip the umbilical cord over the infant’s shoulder
• immediately cut the umbilical cord
• attempt to stop delivery by elevating the mother’s hips

• During the occurrence of a breech delivery, which part of the infant’s body will be present at the vaginal opening:

• shoulder
• arm
• head
• buttocks

• Upon examination of a woman in labor, you observe the baby’s head in the birth canal.  This condition is called:

• crowding
• crowning
• breech
• prolapsed

Use the following information to answer questions 96 and 97:

You respond to a call for a child with minor injuries. Upon examination, you find multiple bruises and lacerations in various stages of healing.

• Emergency care for this child should include:

• treating the injuries and advising to see the family doctor
• transport to the hospital and report to the proper authorities
• confront the parents regarding…

• You should suspect:

• child abuse
• a clumsy child
• a seizure disorder
• a bleeding disorder

• When dealing with a potentially suicidal person, you must:

• apply restraints
• avoid conversation with the individual
• always transport the individual quickly in the emergency vehicle
• not dismiss the threat as insignificant

• When caring for a victim of rape, it is important for you to:

• avoid conversation with the victim
• provide emotional comfort and support
• leave the victim with a friend of relative
• allow the victim to shower before being transported

• When dealing with a disruptive patient, the highest priority is:

• protecting the EMT and the patient
• determining the underlying cause
• determining the patient’s vital signs
• applying body restraints